Purpose: The aim of this research was to study the effects of different doses of LIF on GVBD and MII development rate and cumulus Expansion.Materials and Methods: Immature mice superovulated with HMG and GV oocytes obtained from ovary 48 hours later. The GV oocytes were cultured in TCM199 with 100, 500 and 1000 IU /ml LIF. Cumulus Expansions were evaluated with two examiners and numbers of MII oocytes were recorded. For denuding the oocytes hyaloronidase was used.Results: Our results showed that the rate of GVBD and MII development increased in groups with LIF compared with control group. Rate of MII development with 1000 IU/ml LIF was significantly higherthan that of control group (P<0.05). Cumulus Expansion in group with 1000 IU/ml LIF improved significantly compared with control group (p<0.05).Conclusion: Our results showed that LIF could improve IVM rate in dose dependant. Also cumulus Expansion improved in group with LIF and increased oocyte quality.

Posterior crossbite is relatively common in children. Early treatment produces desirable occlusion, as well as increasing the arch perimeter. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between palatal Expansion and maxillary arch perimeter.A group of 12 children aged 8-10 years, with posterior dentoalveolar crossbite, were selected for this study.All cases were treated for their crossbite using a removable palatal expander. Changes in both intermolar width of maxillary second primary and first permanent molars were compared to changes in arch perimeter at the end of treatment.Results of this comparison using paired t-test revealed that by increasing the arch width, a significant increase could be seen in arch perimeter (p<0.001).Regression analysis revealed that by increasing intermolar width (second primary molar) , arch perimeter also increases. However, this correlation was not statistically significant and there was no linear relationship between these two parameters too. On the other hand, the same analysis showed that a significant correlation existed between changes in intermolar width ( first permanent molar) and changes in arch perimeter (p=0.027). There was also a linear relationship between these two parameters.conclusion: 1mm increase in intermolar width ( maxillary first permanent molar) will cause a mean increase of 0.96 ± 0.31 mm in arch perimeter and this change in arch perimeter must be considered in space analysis in patients with posterior crossbite.

Purpose: Treatment of patients with class III malocclusion is one of the most challenging problems in orthodontic practice. This problem which causes functional and esthetic problems can result from prognathism of mandible or deficiency of nasomaxillary complex or a combination of both. It has been estimated that the incidence of this type of malocclusion in Iranian population is between 7.22- 19.5 percent. The importance of early identification and treatment of this malocclusion is significant. The aim of this study was to determine the cephalometric changes following combined use of rapid maxillary Expansion and facemask therapy in class III malocclusion.Methods & Materials: In this quasi experimental prospective clinical trial, 15 Iranian patients (6 males and 9 females with a mean age of 8.6 years) were selected. They were first treated with rapid maxillary Expansion for 14 days prior to facemask delivery. Then facemask therapy was initiated untill normal canines and molars relationship and a normal overjet were achieved. Cephalometric means (consist of 11 angular and 8 linear measure) before and after treatment was calculated and compared with paired t-test to determine significant differences.Results: Cephalometric analysis showed following changes:SNA=1.3±1.6, SNB=-0.5±1.6, ANB=1.7±2.3, Gonial Angle=-1.4±4.1, Articular Angle=-6±27.5, SNPog=-0.7±1.7, Inclination Angle=2.3±7.3, Y axis Angle=1.5±3.4, Mandibular Plan Angle=2.3±3.3, Occlusal Plan to SN=1±5.4, NSAr=0.8±2.3, PFH/AFH=0.8±1.9,N┴LFH to A=1.1mm±1.9, N┴LFH to Pog=1mm±4.6, Maxilla length=2.3mm±2.9, Mandible length=0.4mm±0.8, Overjet=3.8±2.7, Overbite=-0.8mm±1.5, Wit's appraisal=2.4±2.5.Conclusion: This result indicate that facemask and rapid maxillary Expansion improve class III malocclusion by increase in maxillary growth in anterioposterior dimension and a slight limitation of mandibular growth.

The main object of current study is investigation of instability threshold of flow in a gradual Expansion from symmetric to asymmetric situations. The Expansion ratio is 1:3 and Expansion angles are 30, 45, 60 and 90 degree. Discretization of governing equations is performed using finite volume method based on PISO algorithm on a staggered mesh. The CFD code is validated based on the results of sudden Expansion reported in previous works. Here, the effects of Expansion angle and Reynolds number on flow instability in transition from symmetric situation to two and three asymmetric vortices are investigated and the first and second critical Reynolds numbers are obtained. The bifurcation diagrams of vortices and velocity profile in centerline are plotted for each case and the effects of instability on flow field are discussed based on them. Unlike the previous studies which have been focused on the planar flow in sudden Expansions, the flow instability in gradual Expansions with different Expansion angles is investigated which is the main innovation of current study.

By increasing the number of traumatic cases, burn victims and detection of rare congenital defects, plastic surgeons should improve their surgical techniques to manage these patients with better quality. Correction of these deformities is important cosmetically, increases the self-confidence of the patients and enhances their mental health.Tissue expanders have been used for several decades to eliminate different body scars, but healthy skin around the lesion would also be damaged. To prevent this complication, the author has used trans-scar incision technique and inserted the tissue expander under normal and abnormal skin (scarred area) to expand the healthy tissue and then after removing tissue expander, scarred area is covered b multiple flaps. This method has been used in 5 patients with scars of scalp (in two cases 2 tissue expanders were used and in 3 patients only one tissue expander was inserted). The results were satisfactory. By this method which is suggested by the author as periscar tissue Expansion technique, it has two advantages:1. No new scar would be created.2. By Expansion of healthy skin adjacent to the scar, the maximum Expansion of normal skin will be achieved.In the present article, the periscar tissue Expansion technique and its results in 5 patients is discussed.

Background and Aim: Among different treatments of patients with Class III malocclusion, orthopedic protraction of maxilla has been known as an effective method in mixed dentition period. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cephalometric changes of Cl III patients in mixed dentition period following face mask therapy and slow maxillary Expansion.Materials and Methods: This was a before-after study which was conducted on 10 children in mixed dentition period, who had class III malocclusion and maxillary deficiency according to the Stiener and Mc Namara's analysis. The patients were all treated by protraction face mask and slow maxillary Expansion. The cephalometric changes of maxilla, mandible and dental relations during the treatment were analyzed by Paired sample T Test. P<0.05 was considered as the level of significant.Results: The overjet increasement was 1.7mm. Co. ANS distance improvement was 5.6mm, Ptm.ANS distance increasing was 3mm, and ultimately improvement of Gf.s distance was 1.5mm which were all statistically significant (p<0.05).Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, face mask therapy with slow maxillary Expansion is able to improve the horizotal position of maxilla, in patients with Cl III malocclusion, in mixed dentition period.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the effect of bone-borne Expansion (BBE) and tooth-borne Expansion (TBE) in patients with maxillary constriction. Methods: Electronic databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, were searched up to February 2019. Eligible clinical trials and cohort studies that studied the effects of bone-borne and tooth-borne Expansion appliances on patients with constricted maxilla were selected. The study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were independently performed by two authors. Then, the random-effects meta-analysis and post-hoc heterogeneity tests were performed. Results: In the end, four studies were included in the present meta-analysis (i. e., a randomized clinical trial, two prospective controlled clinical trials, and a cohort study) that collected data from 117 patients. The mean differences between TBE and BBE were 0. 38 mm and-0. 28 mm for premolar and molar apices, 0. 67 mm and 1. 18 mm for premolar and molar crowns, 0. 19 mm and 0. 17 mm for alveolar bone in premolar and molar areas, and-0. 61 mm and 0. 02 mm for nasal and maxillary bones, respectively. Moreover, the differences between TBE and BBE for dental angulation were 3. 84◦ and 1. 52◦ for left and right molars, as well as 4. 85◦ and 3. 46◦ for left and right premolars, respectively. Conclusion: The BBE appliances do not have any advantages over tooth-borne devices with regard to the amount of skeletal or dental Expansion; however, it seems to produce less tipping in posterior teeth.

The concept of a fuzzy number is expanded to the case of a finite carrier set of partially ordered elements; the set is a lattice, and the membership function of such an Expansion also takes values in a lattice. Zadeh's extension principle for determining the degree of membership of a function of fuzzy numbers is changed for this Expansion. An analogue of the concept of a mean value is also suggested. The use of partially ordered values in cognitive maps with multiple expert assessments is considered.